{"id":467599,"date":"2024-12-10T11:03:08","date_gmt":"2024-12-10T10:03:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/?p=467599"},"modified":"2024-12-10T11:03:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T10:03:08","slug":"comme-un-oiseau-le-nouveau-drone-de-lepfl-saute-pour-decoller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/comme-un-oiseau-le-nouveau-drone-de-lepfl-saute-pour-decoller\/","title":{"rendered":"Comme un oiseau, le nouveau drone de l’EPFL saute pour d\u00e9coller"},"content":{"rendered":"

Des chercheurs de l’EPFL ont construit un drone capable de marcher, de sauter et de s’envoler \u00e0 l’aide de pattes d’oiseau, ce qui \u00e9largit consid\u00e9rablement la gamme des environnements potentiels accessibles aux v\u00e9hicules a\u00e9riens sans pilote.<\/h2>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le Laboratoire des syst\u00e8mes intelligents(LIS)<\/a>, dirig\u00e9 par Dario Floreano, de la Facult\u00e9 des sciences de l’ing\u00e9nieur de l’EPFL, a pris cette expression au pied de la lettre avec RAVEN (Robotic Avian-inspired Vehicle for multiple ENvironments). Con\u00e7u \u00e0 partir d’oiseaux percheurs comme les corbeaux et les corneilles qui passent fr\u00e9quemment de l’air \u00e0 la terre, les pattes robotiques multifonctionnelles lui permettent de d\u00e9coller de mani\u00e8re autonome dans des environnements jusqu’ici inaccessibles aux drones ail\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les oiseaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l’origine de la cr\u00e9ation des avions, et les fr\u00e8res Wright ont r\u00e9alis\u00e9 ce r\u00eave, mais m\u00eame les avions d’aujourd’hui sont encore tr\u00e8s loin de ce dont les oiseaux sont capables\u00a0\u00bb, explique Won Dong Shin, doctorant en sciences de l’information et de la communication. \u00ab\u00a0Les oiseaux peuvent passer de la marche \u00e0 la course dans les airs et inversement, sans l’aide d’une piste ou d’un lanceur. Les plateformes d’ing\u00e9nierie pour ce type de mouvements font encore d\u00e9faut en robotique.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

La conception de RAVEN vise \u00e0 maximiser la diversit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9marche tout en minimisant la masse. Inspir\u00e9 par les proportions des pattes d’oiseaux (et par de longues observations de corbeaux sur le campus de l’EPFL), Shin a con\u00e7u un ensemble de pattes aviaires multi-fonctionnelles sur mesure pour un drone \u00e0 voilure fixe. Il a utilis\u00e9 une combinaison de mod\u00e8les math\u00e9matiques, de simulations informatiques et d’it\u00e9rations exp\u00e9rimentales pour atteindre un \u00e9quilibre optimal entre la complexit\u00e9 des pattes et le poids total du drone (0,62 kg). La jambe qui en r\u00e9sulte maintient les composants les plus lourds pr\u00e8s du \u00ab\u00a0corps\u00a0\u00bb, tandis qu’une combinaison de ressorts et de moteurs imite les tendons et les muscles puissants de l’oiseau. Les pieds l\u00e9gers d’inspiration aviaire, compos\u00e9s de deux structures articul\u00e9es, permettent une articulation \u00e9lastique passive qui prend en charge diverses postures pour marcher, sautiller et sauter.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La transposition des pattes et des pieds aviaires en un syst\u00e8me robotique l\u00e9ger nous a confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes de conception, d’int\u00e9gration et de contr\u00f4le que les oiseaux ont r\u00e9solus avec \u00e9l\u00e9gance au cours de l’\u00e9volution\u00a0\u00bb, explique M. Floreano. \u00ab\u00a0Cela nous a permis non seulement de concevoir le drone ail\u00e9 le plus multimodal \u00e0 ce jour, mais aussi de mettre en lumi\u00e8re l’efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du saut pour le d\u00e9collage chez les oiseaux et les drones. Les travaux de recherche ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9s dans la revue <\/a>Nature<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Des chercheurs de l’EPFL ont construit un drone capable de marcher, de sauter et de s’envoler \u00e0 l’aide de pattes d’oiseau, ce qui \u00e9largit consid\u00e9rablement la gamme des environnements potentiels accessibles aux v\u00e9hicules a\u00e9riens sans pilote. \u00ab\u00a0Le Laboratoire des syst\u00e8mes intelligents(LIS), dirig\u00e9 par Dario Floreano, de la Facult\u00e9 des sciences de l’ing\u00e9nieur de l’EPFL, a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":467517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3669,883],"tags":[3896,5447,8399],"domains":[47],"ppma_author":[1139],"class_list":["post-467599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nouvelles","category-technologies","tag-drones-fr","tag-epfl-fr","tag-oiseau","domains-electronique-eci"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Un drone inspir\u00e9 des 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