{"id":465775,"date":"2024-11-19T12:03:41","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T11:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/?p=465775"},"modified":"2024-11-19T12:05:34","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T11:05:34","slug":"une-forme-exotique-de-la-matiere-avec-pour-le-quantique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/une-forme-exotique-de-la-matiere-avec-pour-le-quantique\/","title":{"rendered":"Une forme exotique de la mati\u00e8re pour le quantique ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

De nouveaux travaux sugg\u00e8rent la possibilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er des \u00e9lectrons fractionn\u00e9s, appel\u00e9s anyons non ab\u00e9liens, sans champ magn\u00e9tique, ce qui ouvre de nouvelles possibilit\u00e9s pour la recherche fondamentale et les applications futures – MIT<\/h2>\n

Des physiciens du MIT ont montr\u00e9 qu’il devrait \u00eatre possible de cr\u00e9er une forme exotique de la mati\u00e8re qui pourrait \u00eatre manipul\u00e9e pour former les qubits (bits quantiques), \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs des futurs ordinateurs quantiques, encore plus puissants que les ordinateurs quantiques en cours de d\u00e9veloppement aujourd’hui.<\/p>\n

Ces travaux s’appuient sur la d\u00e9couverte, l’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, de mat\u00e9riaux h\u00e9bergeant des \u00e9lectrons capables de se diviser en fractions d’eux-m\u00eames et, surtout, de le faire sans l’application d’un champ magn\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n

Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de fractionnement des \u00e9lectrons a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 1982 et a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 un prix Nobel<\/a>. Ce travail n\u00e9cessitait toutefois l’application d’un champ magn\u00e9tique. La possibilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er des \u00e9lectrons fractionn\u00e9s sans champ magn\u00e9tique ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour la recherche fondamentale et rend les mat\u00e9riaux qui les h\u00e9bergent plus utiles pour les applications.<\/p>\n

Lorsque les \u00e9lectrons se divisent en fractions d’eux-m\u00eames, ces fractions sont appel\u00e9es \u00ab\u00a0anyons\u00a0\u00bb. Les anyons se pr\u00e9sentent sous diff\u00e9rentes formes, ou classes. Les anyons d\u00e9couverts dans les mat\u00e9riaux de 2023 sont connus sous le nom d’anyons ab\u00e9liens. Dans un article publi\u00e9 dans le num\u00e9ro du 17 octobre de Physical Review Letters<\/em>, l’\u00e9quipe du MIT indique qu’il devrait \u00eatre possible de cr\u00e9er la classe la plus exotique d’anyons, les anyons non ab\u00e9liens.<\/p>\n

Les anyons non ab\u00e9liens ont la capacit\u00e9 \u00e9tonnante de \u00ab\u00a0se souvenir\u00a0\u00bb de leurs trajectoires dans l’espace-temps ; cet effet de m\u00e9moire peut \u00eatre utile pour l’informatique quantique\u00a0\u00bb, explique Liang Fu, professeur au d\u00e9partement de physique du MIT et responsable de ces travaux.<\/p>\n

M. Fu ajoute que \u00ab\u00a0les exp\u00e9riences de 2023 sur le fractionnement des \u00e9lectrons ont largement d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les attentes th\u00e9oriques. Ce que j’en retiens, c’est que nous, th\u00e9oriciens, devrions \u00eatre plus audacieux\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Fu est \u00e9galement affili\u00e9 au Laboratoire de recherche sur les mat\u00e9riaux du MIT. Ses coll\u00e8gues pour les travaux actuels sont les \u00e9tudiants dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s Aidan P. Reddy et Nisarga Paul, ainsi que le postdoc Ahmed Abouelkomsan, tous du d\u00e9partement de physique du MIT. Reddy et Paul sont les premiers auteurs de l’article publi\u00e9 dans les Physical Review Letters<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De nouveaux travaux sugg\u00e8rent la possibilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er des \u00e9lectrons fractionn\u00e9s, appel\u00e9s anyons non ab\u00e9liens, sans champ magn\u00e9tique, ce qui ouvre de nouvelles possibilit\u00e9s pour la recherche fondamentale et les applications futures – MIT Des physiciens du MIT ont montr\u00e9 qu’il devrait \u00eatre possible de cr\u00e9er une forme exotique de la mati\u00e8re qui pourrait \u00eatre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":465763,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3669,883],"tags":[8194,5054,1603],"domains":[47],"ppma_author":[1139,1153],"class_list":["post-465775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nouvelles","category-technologies","tag-anyons-non-abeliens","tag-mit-fr","tag-quantique","domains-electronique-eci"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Une forme 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