{"id":457508,"date":"2024-08-05T12:08:55","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T10:08:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/?p=457508"},"modified":"2024-08-05T22:14:54","modified_gmt":"2024-08-05T20:14:54","slug":"voler-comme-un-scarabee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/voler-comme-un-scarabee\/","title":{"rendered":"Voler comme un scarab\u00e9e rhinoc\u00e9ros"},"content":{"rendered":"

Des scientifiques de l’EPFL ont d\u00e9couvert que les scarab\u00e9es rhinoc\u00e9ros utilisent des m\u00e9canismes passifs pour d\u00e9ployer et r\u00e9tracter leurs ailes au lieu de muscles. Cette d\u00e9couverte les a incit\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper un nouveau microrobot.<\/h2>\n

Les oiseaux, les chauves-souris et les abeilles utilisent tous des muscles distincts pour d\u00e9ployer et r\u00e9tracter leurs ailes. Les petits insectes, compte tenu de l’espace r\u00e9duit dont ils disposent, peuvent \u00eatre diff\u00e9rents et les scientifiques se demandent encore s’ils utilisent effectivement des muscles pour actionner leurs ailes. Les col\u00e9opt\u00e8res pr\u00e9sentent un exemple complexe de m\u00e9canisme de vol, avec une paire d’ailes ant\u00e9rieures rigides, appel\u00e9es \u00e9lytres, et une paire d’ailes post\u00e9rieures membraneuses et pliables : Au repos, les ailes post\u00e9rieures sont repli\u00e9es sous l’enveloppe protectrice des \u00e9lytres ; avant le d\u00e9collage, les \u00e9lytres s’ouvrent compl\u00e8tement et lib\u00e8rent les ailes post\u00e9rieures qui se d\u00e9ploient \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re d’un origami.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les recherches r\u00e9centes sur les ailes post\u00e9rieures des col\u00e9opt\u00e8res, les \u00e9tudes n’ont pas pu \u00e9lucider la mani\u00e8re dont elles sont actionn\u00e9es. Aujourd’hui, des scientifiques dirig\u00e9s par Dario Floreano \u00e0 l’EPFL ont d\u00e9voil\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois que les ailes post\u00e9rieures des col\u00e9opt\u00e8res se d\u00e9ploient et se r\u00e9tractent de mani\u00e8re passive. En utilisant une combinaison de cam\u00e9ras \u00e0 grande vitesse et de tests sur des mod\u00e8les robotis\u00e9s, ils montrent que les ailes post\u00e9rieures s’appuient sur les \u00e9lytres pour se d\u00e9ployer et se r\u00e9tracter, tandis que les battements d’ailes les forcent \u00e0 se d\u00e9ployer. Ces r\u00e9sultats pourraient \u00eatre utiles pour concevoir de nouveaux microrobots capables de voler dans des espaces confin\u00e9s. Les chercheurs de l’EPFL ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9 les connaissances nouvellement acquises pour tester un microrobot battant qui exploite un m\u00e9canisme passif similaire pour d\u00e9coller, voler et atterrir. La recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e dans Nature<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Col\u00e9opt\u00e8re rhinoc\u00e9ros pr\u00eat \u00e0 s’envoler – 2024 EPFL\/Hoang-Vu Phan – CC-BY-SA 4.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Contrairement \u00e0 l’hypoth\u00e8se selon laquelle chaque mouvement n\u00e9cessite un m\u00e9canisme sp\u00e9cifique, cette \u00e9tude montre que l’\u00e9volution naturelle exploite les synergies de contr\u00f4le et les interactions physiques pour r\u00e9duire la complexit\u00e9, \u00e9conomiser de l’\u00e9nergie et gagner en r\u00e9silience\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Dario Floreano, directeur du Laboratoire des syst\u00e8mes intelligents de<\/a> l’EPFL. Des recherches ant\u00e9rieures ont largement explor\u00e9 le pliage en forme d’origami des ailes post\u00e9rieures des col\u00e9opt\u00e8res, en supposant que les muscles thoraciques propulsent leur d\u00e9ploiement et leur r\u00e9traction. \u00ab\u00a0Le principal d\u00e9fi consistait \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer que les muscles ne sont pas impliqu\u00e9s dans le processus de d\u00e9ploiement des ailes \u00e0 la base des ailes post\u00e9rieures des col\u00e9opt\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb, explique Hoang-Vu Phan, postdoc dans le groupe de Floreano et premier auteur de la publication.<\/p>\n

Suivre ECInews sur Google news<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Des scientifiques de l’EPFL ont d\u00e9couvert que les scarab\u00e9es rhinoc\u00e9ros utilisent des m\u00e9canismes passifs pour d\u00e9ployer et r\u00e9tracter leurs ailes au lieu de muscles. Cette d\u00e9couverte les a incit\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper un nouveau microrobot. Les oiseaux, les chauves-souris et les abeilles utilisent tous des muscles distincts pour d\u00e9ployer et r\u00e9tracter leurs ailes. Les petits insectes, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":457505,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[883],"tags":[5447,4523],"domains":[47],"ppma_author":[1139],"class_list":["post-457508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologies","tag-epfl-fr","tag-robotique-fr","domains-electronique-eci"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Voler comme un scarab\u00e9e ...<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Des scientifiques de l'EPFL ont d\u00e9couvert que les col\u00e9opt\u00e8res rhinoc\u00e9ros utilisent des m\u00e9canismes passifs pour d\u00e9ployer et r\u00e9tracter leurs ailes au...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/457508\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Voler comme un scarab\u00e9e rhinoc\u00e9ros\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Des scientifiques de l'EPFL ont d\u00e9couvert que les col\u00e9opt\u00e8res rhinoc\u00e9ros utilisent des m\u00e9canismes passifs pour d\u00e9ployer et r\u00e9tracter leurs ailes au lieu de muscles. 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