{"id":416266,"date":"2023-03-13T18:28:16","date_gmt":"2023-03-13T17:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/?p=416266"},"modified":"2023-03-13T18:46:12","modified_gmt":"2023-03-13T17:46:12","slug":"le-transistor-toujours-plus-proche-de-la-synapse-humaine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/le-transistor-toujours-plus-proche-de-la-synapse-humaine\/","title":{"rendered":"Le transistor toujours plus proche de la synapse humaine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le CEA-Leti a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un transistor inspir\u00e9 de la synapse humaine et qui n’en a peut-\u00eatre jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi proche : m\u00eame principe de fonctionnement, m\u00eame consommation ultra-faible et \u00e0 terme m\u00eame degr\u00e9 de miniaturisation<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour concevoir demain des circuits encore plus puissants pour des applications en intelligence artificielle. Le transistor pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le CEA-Leti est analogique. Cependant,\u00a0 au lieu d\u2019avoir deux \u00e9tats, ouvert ou ferm\u00e9, il en compte une cinquantaine. L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat ? Reproduire le fonctionnement des synapses, qui dans notre cerveau connectent les neurones entre eux. Ces derniers se mettent en action quand leurs synapses ont totalis\u00e9 un certain nombre d\u2019impulsions \u00e9lectriques ; ce qu\u2019un transistor \u00e0 plusieurs dizaines d\u2019\u00e9tats permet de faire.<\/p>\n

Une consommation aussi faible qu\u2019une synapse<\/strong><\/p>\n

Autre similitude, le transistor est ionique : pour fonctionner, il exploite la m\u00eame r\u00e9action \u00e9lectrochimique qu\u2019une synapse. En l\u2019occurrence, son canal est constitu\u00e9 d\u2019oxyde de titane ; des ions lithium y circulent et selon leur nombre, modulent la conductance \u00e9lectronique du canal.\u00a0Ce fonctionnement bio-inspir\u00e9 permet de battre des records d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique : le transistor consomme 1 femtoJoule\/micron carr\u00e9, le m\u00eame chiffre que pour une synapse. C\u2019est jusqu\u2019\u00e0 100 fois moins que d\u2019autres composants utilis\u00e9s aujourd\u2019hui pour les m\u00eames applications, comme les m\u00e9moires r\u00e9sistives.<\/p>\n

Wafers 200 mm et compatibilit\u00e9 CMOS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le nouveau transistor est ultra-fin \u2013\u00a0 200 nm d\u2019\u00e9paisseur \u2013 et endurant (plus de 100 000 cycles). Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans un circuit neuromorphique, il a obtenu d\u2019excellents r\u00e9sultats lors d\u2019un test normalis\u00e9 de reconnaissance d\u2019images, le MNIST. Le CEA-Leti a pens\u00e9 d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part \u00e0 sa fabrication en volume : il est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 sur des wafers 200 mm, avec des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s compatibles CMOS.\u00a0 Tous ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont encourageants, mais ce ne sont que les premiers stades de validation, nuance Sami Oukassi, du CEA-Leti. Il faut encore faire monter en maturit\u00e9 ce transistor, et \u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re approfondie son endurance et sa fiabilit\u00e9.\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00a0Application vis\u00e9e : les r\u00e9seaux de neurones profonds<\/strong><\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s ces \u00e9tapes, le nouveau transistor pourrait \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans des circuits neuromorphiques pour r\u00e9seaux de neurones profonds en raison de sa tr\u00e8s faible consommation. Ces circuits sont d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 la reconnaissance d\u2019images ou de la voix. En phase d\u2019apprentissage, ils sont utilis\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s intensive ; toute \u00e9conomie sur le budget \u00e9nergie est alors bonne \u00e0 prendre. Le CEA-Leti, confiant dans sa technologie, a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 trois demandes de brevets.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le CEA-Leti a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un transistor inspir\u00e9 de la synapse humaine et qui n’en a peut-\u00eatre jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi proche : m\u00eame principe de fonctionnement, m\u00eame consommation ultra-faible et \u00e0 terme m\u00eame degr\u00e9 de miniaturisation Un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour concevoir demain des circuits encore plus puissants pour des applications en intelligence artificielle. Le transistor pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":416268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[883],"tags":[3033,3034,1103],"domains":[47],"ppma_author":[2223],"class_list":["post-416266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologies","tag-circuits-neuromorphiques","tag-synapse","tag-transistor","domains-electronique-eci"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Le transistor toujours plus proche de la synapse humaine ...<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"le nouveau transistor pourrait s'int\u00e9grer dans des circuits neuromorphiques pour r\u00e9seaux de neurones profonds\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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