{"id":38679,"date":"2020-12-15T11:06:42","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T11:06:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/\/batteries-lithium-metal-quantumscape-change-la-donne\/"},"modified":"2020-12-15T11:06:42","modified_gmt":"2020-12-15T11:06:42","slug":"batteries-lithium-metal-quantumscape-change-la-donne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/batteries-lithium-metal-quantumscape-change-la-donne\/","title":{"rendered":"Batteries lithium-m\u00e9tal: QuantumScape change la donne !"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Les annonces autour des nouvelles technologies de batteries sont fr\u00e9quentes et souvent sans lendemain. Difficile de trouver une alternative aux produits Lithium-ion qui domine le march\u00e9 depuis des d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n

La batterie de QuantumScape n’utilise pas d’anode en graphite, ce qui permet de gagner de la place et d’augmenter jusqu’\u00e0 80%  la densit\u00e9 d’\u00e9nergie stock\u00e9e par rapport aux batteries lithium-ion actuelles. Dans cette batterie lithium m\u00e9tal, les ions lithium s’agr\u00e8gent entre eux sous forme m\u00e9tallique et fabriquent ainsi leur propre anode. L’\u00e9l\u00e9ment s\u00e9parateur  avec la cathode est d\u00e9terminant pour \u00e9viter les courts-circuits. L’\u00e9lectrolyte solide extr\u00eamement fin d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 est \u00e0 base de c\u00e9ramique.  <\/p>\n

Les tentatives pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes pour cr\u00e9er un s\u00e9parateur \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat solide capable de travailler avec du lithium m\u00e9tal \u00e0 des taux de puissance \u00e9lev\u00e9s n\u00e9cessitaient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de compromettre d’autres aspects de la cellule tels que la dur\u00e9e de vie, la temp\u00e9rature de fonctionnement, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, le chargement de la cathode ou l’exc\u00e8s de lithium dans l’anode.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9s par QuantumScape, bas\u00e9s sur des tests de cellules de batterie \u00e0 couche unique, montrent que ses s\u00e9parateurs sont capables de fonctionner \u00e0 des taux de puissance tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s, permettant une charge de 15 minutes \u00e0 80% de la capacit\u00e9, donc plus rapide que la batterie conventionnelle, avec une densit\u00e9 de courant plus forte et donc une autonomie du v\u00e9hicule augment\u00e9e. Autre avantage, la batterie fonctionne dans une plage de temp\u00e9rature de -30 \u00e0 +45\u00b0C adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 l’automobile.<\/p>\n

\n

Les cellules test\u00e9es \u00e9taient des cellules monocouche de grande surface dans le facteur de forme commercial cible avec z\u00e9ro exc\u00e8s de lithium sur l’anode et des cathodes \u00e9paisses (> 3 mAh \/ cm2), fonctionnant \u00e0 des taux de charge et de d\u00e9charge d’une heure et d\u00e9charge \u00e0 30 \u00b0 C. Les tests ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 des performances robustes de ces cellules monocouche, montrant par ailleurs une capacit\u00e9 de charge sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 80% apr\u00e8s 800 cycles.<\/p>\n

\u00abLa partie la plus difficile dans la fabrication d’une batterie \u00e0 semi-conducteurs en \u00e9tat de marche est la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de r\u00e9pondre simultan\u00e9ment aux exigences de haute densit\u00e9 d’\u00e9nergie (1000 Wh \/ L), de charge rapide (c’est-\u00e0-dire, haute densit\u00e9 de courant), de longue dur\u00e9e de vie (sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 800 cycles), et un fonctionnement \u00e0 large plage de temp\u00e9ratures. Ces donn\u00e9es montrent que les cellules de QuantumScape r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 toutes ces exigences, ce qui n’avait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 auparavant. Pour le Dr Stan Whittingham, co-inventeur de la batterie lithium-ion et laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de chimie 2019: \u00abSi QuantumScape peut mettre cette technologie en production de masse, elle a le potentiel de transformer l’industrie \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00abCes r\u00e9sultats renversent ce que l’on pensait auparavant possible dans une batterie  lithium-m\u00e9tal\u00bb, commente Venkat Viswanathan, expert en batteries et professeur de science des mat\u00e9riaux \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 Carnegie-Mellon. \u00abSoutenir une densit\u00e9 de courant suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9e pour permettre une charge rapide sans former de dendrites a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 un Saint Graal de l’industrie. Ces donn\u00e9es montrent la capacit\u00e9 de charger \u00e0 80% de sa capacit\u00e9 en 15 minutes, ce qui correspond \u00e0 un taux \u00e9tonnamment \u00e9lev\u00e9 de d\u00e9p\u00f4t de lithium allant jusqu’\u00e0 un micron par minute. \u00bb<\/p>\n

QuantumScape<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne QuantumScape a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 les performances de ses batteries lithium-m\u00e9tal destin\u00e9es aux v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques. Aux vues des r\u00e9sultats, ces batteries permettront \u00e0 la fois d’augmenter consid\u00e9rablement la densit\u00e9 d’\u00e9nergie stock\u00e9es, donc l’autonomie des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques et de diminuer le temps de charge.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":163742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[883],"tags":[],"domains":[47],"ppma_author":[1143],"class_list":["post-38679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologies","domains-electronique-eci"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Batteries lithium-m\u00e9tal: QuantumScape change la donne ! ...<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne QuantumScape a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 les performances de ses batteries lithium-m\u00e9tal destin\u00e9es aux v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques. 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