{"id":17403,"date":"2021-02-16T11:38:14","date_gmt":"2021-02-16T11:38:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/\/entree-en-service-sur-mars-du-laser-thales-de-supercam\/"},"modified":"2021-02-16T11:38:14","modified_gmt":"2021-02-16T11:38:14","slug":"entree-en-service-sur-mars-du-laser-thales-de-supercam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/entree-en-service-sur-mars-du-laser-thales-de-supercam\/","title":{"rendered":"Entr\u00e9e en service sur Mars du laser Thales de SuperCam"},"content":{"rendered":"

En 2012, Curiosity a atterri sur Mars \u00e9quip\u00e9 du premier laser Thales haute puissance \u00e0 op\u00e9rer \u00e0 la surface d’une autre plan\u00e8te. Ce laser fonctionne sans faute depuis plus de huit ans et a tir\u00e9 \u00e0 ce jour pr\u00e8s de 855 000 coups alors que Curiosity a fait son p\u00e9riple de 24 kilom\u00e8tres \u00e0 travers la surface de la plan\u00e8te rouge. Les donn\u00e9es de ChemCam ont particip\u00e9s \u00e0 prouver que les conditions sur Mars \u00e9taient autrefois propices \u00e0 la vie microbienne. <\/p>\n

SuperCam est une nouvelle version plus puissante de ChemCam, con\u00e7u pour amener l’exploration de Mars \u00e0 un nouveau niveau. Comme ChemCam, le laser SuperCam utilisera un faisceau infrarouge pour chauffer le mat\u00e9riau \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature d’environ 10000 \u00b0 C et le vaporiser – spectroscopie de rupture induite par laser. Coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 une cam\u00e9ra adapt\u00e9e, cela permet de d\u00e9terminer la composition chimique des \u00e9chantillons de roches martiennes en mesurant les couleurs de la lumi\u00e8re dans le plasma cr\u00e9\u00e9. <\/p>\n

le laser SuperCam peut \u00e9galement \u00e9mettre un faisceau laser vert, qui aidera \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer la composition mol\u00e9culaire des mat\u00e9riaux de surface. Ce faisceau vert excite les liaisons chimiques des \u00e9chantillons et produit un signal diff\u00e9rent en fonction de leurs diff\u00e9rentes composantes li\u00e9es. Cette technique d’analyse, connue sous le nom de spectroscopie Raman, sera test\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois sur Mars et permettra aux scientifiques de d\u00e9tecter d’\u00e9ventuels marqueurs de la vie. Le laser vert sera \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9 pour induire la fluorescence dans les compos\u00e9s min\u00e9raux et organiques, permettant aux scientifiques de d\u00e9terminer leurs composants avec une plus grande pr\u00e9cision. <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c0 propos de Mars 2020 <\/strong><\/p>\n

L’objectif de la mission Mars 2020 est d’\u00e9tudier la surface de la plan\u00e8te rouge, de rechercher des signes de vie pass\u00e9e, de pr\u00e9lever des \u00e9chantillons de roches et de poussi\u00e8res sur des sites s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s et de les stocker en vue de leur r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration par la future mission Mars Sample Return (MSR), qui sera men\u00e9e. conjointement avec l\u2019Agence spatiale europ\u00e9enne. Thales Alenia Space est \u00e9troitement associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la mission MSR.<\/p>\n

\n

La mission Mars 2020 est con\u00e7ue pour rassembler les connaissances n\u00e9cessaires et tester les technologies qui seront vitales pour les futures exp\u00e9ditions humaines sur la plan\u00e8te rouge. 
\nComment produire de l’oxyg\u00e8ne \u00e0 partir de l’atmosph\u00e8re martienne? Quelles ressources sont disponibles? Y a-t-il de l’eau sous la surface, par exemple? Comment am\u00e9liorer les techniques d’atterrissage et caract\u00e9riser les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, les niveaux de poussi\u00e8re et autres conditions environnementales qui pourraient affecter la vie et le travail des futurs astronautes sur Mars? Ce ne sont l\u00e0 que quelques-unes des questions auxquelles la mission Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance cherchera \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre. <\/p>\n

Une \u00e9troite collaboration<\/strong><\/p>\n

SuperCam est le r\u00e9sultat d’une \u00e9troite collaboration entre Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) aux \u00c9tats-Unis et l’institut de recherche en astrophysique et plan\u00e9tologie en France (IRAP, CNRS \/ CNES \/ Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier), avec des contributions de l’Universit\u00e9 d’Hawa\u00ef et l’Universit\u00e9 de Valladolid en Espagne. Le Mast Unit, partie fran\u00e7aise de SuperCam situ\u00e9e au sommet du m\u00e2t du rover, a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et construit par un consortium de laboratoires fran\u00e7ais1 du CNRS, universit\u00e9s et entit\u00e9s sous la direction scientifique de l’\u00e9quipe IRAP et sous la responsabilit\u00e9 du CNES, l’agence spatiale fran\u00e7aise. Le laser fourni par Thales est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 du Mast Unit. <\/p>\n

Image en t\u00eate d’article : Le rover Perseverance au Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA\/JPL Caltech, 2019, CC BY-SA<\/a><\/p>\n

rover Perseverance<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.thalesgroup.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 18 f\u00e9vrier, lorsque le\u00a0rover Perseverance\u00a0atterrira sur Mars, le laser Thales entrera en service dans le cadre de SuperCam, les \u00abyeux\u00bb du rover, pour d\u00e9terminer la composition chimique et organique des \u00e9chantillons de roches martiennes.\u00a0Encore plus puissant que le laser qui fonctionne depuis huit ans sur la mission Curiosity, il permettra de rechercher des signes potentiels de vie sur la plan\u00e8te rouge.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":17404,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"domains":[47],"ppma_author":[1143],"class_list":["post-17403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","domains-electronique-eci"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Entr\u00e9e en service sur Mars du laser Thales de SuperCam ...<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le 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