{"id":112658,"date":"2018-08-12T16:19:22","date_gmt":"2018-08-12T16:19:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/\/demarrer-avec-embedded-linux\/"},"modified":"2018-08-12T16:19:22","modified_gmt":"2018-08-12T16:19:22","slug":"demarrer-avec-embedded-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/demarrer-avec-embedded-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9marrer avec Embedded Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span>Les origines de Linux remontent \u00e0 l&rsquo;OS commercial Unix, mais ce n&rsquo;est que lorsque l&rsquo;\u00e9tudiant finlandais Linus Torvalds a annonc\u00e9 un noyau Linux gratuit en 1991 que le mouvement du syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation open source a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vraiment prendre de l&rsquo;ampleur.<\/span> <span>Aujourd&rsquo;hui il y a de nombreuses distributions de Linux qui sont con\u00e7ues pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s avec les SBC, un exemple \u00e9tant la distribution <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspbian.org\/\">Raspbian<\/a><span lang=\"fr\"><span> bas\u00e9e sur Debian \u00e0 utiliser avec le Raspberry Pi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"float:left\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"255\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/01-picture-library\/eenews\/2018\/2018-07-26-jh-conrad1a.jpg\" width=\"300\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/255;\" \/><figcaption>Figure 1 \u2013 Raspberry Pi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"You will also find Linux in use with desktop computers, and in fact, the vast majority of the world\u2019s datacentre servers use Linux.\">On peut \u00e9galement trouver Linux utilis\u00e9 sur des ordinateurs de bureau et, en fait, la grande majorit\u00e9 des serveurs de centres de donn\u00e9es du monde utilisent Linux. <\/span><span title=\"There isn\u2019t a specific version, or distribution, of Linux for use on embedded single board computers \u2013 it\u2019s just that some distributions contain less in the way of specific resources or peripheral support, although it may be easy it add them later.\">Il n&rsquo;y a pas de version ou de distribution sp\u00e9cifique de Linux pour les ordinateurs \u00e0 carte unique int\u00e9gr\u00e9s &#8211;&nbsp; certaines distributions contiennent moins de ressources sp\u00e9cifiques ou de prise en charge des p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques, bien qu&rsquo;il soit facile de les ajouter ult\u00e9rieurement. <\/span><span title=\"Another reason for this is that some SBCs are headless, that is to say they do not have a video output, such as HDMI or composite video.\">Une autre raison \u00e0 cela est que certains SBC sont sans t\u00eate, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire qu&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;ont pas de sortie vid\u00e9o, telle que HDMI ou vid\u00e9o composite. <\/span><span title=\"Video controller ICs and associated memory add component cost, size and power consumption, so applications such as an IoT sensor can be kept extremely compact, power efficient and low cost without such capabilities.\">Les circuits int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de contr\u00f4leur vid\u00e9o et la m\u00e9moire associ\u00e9e augmentent le co\u00fbt, la taille et la consommation d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie des composants, de sorte que les applications telles qu&rsquo;un capteur IoT peuvent \u00eatre extr\u00eamement compactes, \u00e0 faible consommation d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie et moins ch\u00e8res sans de telles fonctionnalit\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Most embedded developers will interact with Linux through the command line interface (CLI) rather than using any desktop graphical environment.\">La plupart des d\u00e9veloppeurs de sust\u00e8mes embarqu\u00e9s interagiront avec Linux via l&rsquo;interface de ligne de commande (CLI) plut\u00f4t que d&rsquo;utiliser un environnement graphique de bureau. <\/span><span title=\"But before we embark on some of the basic Linux commands, let\u2019s first of all consider why we are using an operating system.\n\n\">Mais avant de nous lancer dans certaines des commandes de base de Linux, consid\u00e9rons tout d&rsquo;abord pourquoi nous utilisons un syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"The alternative to using an operating system is usually nesting your application program into a single \u2018round-robin\u2019 or \u2018super-loop\u2019 structure and programming using a \u2018bare metal\u2019 approach.\">L&rsquo;alternative \u00e0 l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation consiste g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 imbriquer votre programme d&rsquo;application dans une structure et une programmation \u00ab\u00e0 tour de r\u00f4le\u00bb ou \u00absuper-boucle\u00bb unique en utilisant une approche \u00abbare metal\u00bb. <\/span><span title=\"While this can yield an efficient design, it can become rather cumbersome if the application starts to add features, particularly those requiring networking and connectivity.\">Bien que cela puisse aboutir \u00e0 une conception efficace, cela peut devenir assez lourd si l&rsquo;application commence \u00e0 ajouter des fonctionnalit\u00e9s, en particulier celles n\u00e9cessitant une mise en r\u00e9seau et une connectivit\u00e9. <\/span><span title=\"For those familiar with using an Arduino, this is the approach you experience, where additional libraries and associated drivers need to be added in order to facilitate, for example, an internet connection.\">Pour ceux qui sont familiers avec l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un Arduino, c\u2019est l\u2019approche que vous utilisez, o\u00f9 des biblioth\u00e8ques suppl\u00e9mentaires et des pilotes associ\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre ajout\u00e9s afin de faciliter, par exemple, une connexion Internet.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"While any operating system adds a degree of memory and resource overhead to any design, the capabilities it provides without any additional effort makes it highly desirable.\n\n\">Alors que tout syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation ajoute une certaine quantit\u00e9 de m\u00e9moire et de ressources \u00e0 toute conception, les capacit\u00e9s qu\u2019il fournit sans effort suppl\u00e9mentaire le rendent tr\u00e8s souhaitable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Some of the standard Linux functionality includes the provision of a file system, network connectivity and task scheduling, to mention just a few of the many essential features.\">Certaines des fonctionnalit\u00e9s standard de Linux incluent la fourniture d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me de fichiers, la connectivit\u00e9 r\u00e9seau et la planification des t\u00e2ches, pour ne citer que quelques-unes des nombreuses fonctionnalit\u00e9s essentielles. <\/span><span title=\"Linux is an extremely scalable and efficient operating system that has hundreds of commands available, a few of which we\u2019ll cover in this article.\">Linux est un syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation extr\u00eamement \u00e9volutif et efficace, avec des centaines de commandes disponibles, dont certaines seront abord\u00e9es dans cet article. <\/span><span title=\"Linux also makes it extremely easy to interface to the real world, using GPIO, ADC\/DAC and serial interfaces such as I2C\">Linux facilite \u00e9galement l\u2019interface avec le monde r\u00e9el, en utilisant des interfaces GPIO, ADC \/ DAC et s\u00e9rie telles que I2C.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span>Il convient de noter cependant que Linux n\u2019est pas un syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation temps r\u00e9el car son noyau n\u2019est pas pr\u00e9emptif;<\/span> <span>c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire qu&rsquo;une fois que le noyau ex\u00e9cute une commande, il ne peut pas \u00eatre interrompu.<\/span> <span>Ainsi, pour les applications qui requi\u00e8rent un comportement d\u00e9terministe \u00e9lev\u00e9, o\u00f9 le syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation peut r\u00e9pondre dans un d\u00e9lai pr\u00e9visible, une distribution Linux standard peut ne pas convenir.<\/span> <span>Cela dit, un certain nombre d\u2019initiatives de l\u2019industrie sont actuellement en cours afin de fournir une distribution de syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation Linux en temps r\u00e9el bas\u00e9e sur la pr\u00e9emption.<\/span> <span>Certains SBC prennent en charge les applications en temps r\u00e9el gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&rsquo;utilisation de mat\u00e9riel d\u00e9di\u00e9, dont le BeagleBone Black est un bon exemple.<\/span> <span>Les lecteurs int\u00e9ress\u00e9s par cette fonctionnalit\u00e9 sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 se rensigner sur BeagleBone Black<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"fr\"><span> des unit\u00e9s temps r\u00e9el programmables (PRU).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>L&rsquo;interface de ligne de commande<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"309\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/01-picture-library\/eenews\/2018\/2018-07-26-jh-conrad2.jpg\" width=\"550\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 550px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 550\/309;\" \/><figcaption>Figure 2 \u2013 Linux directory hierarchy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Your initial experience of Linux will probably be via its command line.\">Votre exp\u00e9rience initiale de Linux sera probablement via sa ligne de commande. <\/span><span title=\"As an administrative user you will enter the operating system\u2019s hierarchy at a \u2018root\u2019 level.\">En tant qu&rsquo;administrateur, vous entrez dans la hi\u00e9rarchie du syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation \u00e0 un niveau \u00abracine\u00bb. <\/span><span title=\"This structure is the same regardless of the distribution you might be using \u2013 see Figure 3.\n\n\">Cette structure est la m\u00eame quelle que soit la distribution que vous utilisez &#8211; voir Figure 3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"For this part of the article Linux commands are written in green, and &lt;ret&gt; refers to pressing the return or enter key.\">Pour cette partie de l&rsquo;article, les commandes Linux sont \u00e9crites en vert et &lt;ret&gt; fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la touche retour ou entr\u00e9e. <\/span><span title=\"Using a combination of the control key and another key, such as \u2018D\u2019 in this example, is signified by Ctrl-D.\">L&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;une combinaison de la touche de contr\u00f4le et d&rsquo;une autre touche, telle que \u00abD\u00bb dans cet exemple, est signifi\u00e9e par Ctrl-D. <\/span><span title=\"When using a headless board, you will have no option but to connect to the SBC via a remote terminal.\">Lorsque vous utilisez une carte sans t\u00eate, vous n&rsquo;aurez pas d&rsquo;autre choix que de vous connecter au SBC via un terminal distant. <\/span><span title=\"In the following examples we are using an Apple MacBook Pro running OS X connecting to a BeagleBone Black that has an IP address of 192.168.1.102 and a default user of \u2018root\u2019.\">Dans les exemples suivants, nous utilisons un Apple MacBook Pro ex\u00e9cutant OS X et se connectant \u00e0 un BeagleBone Black qui a une adresse IP de 192.168.1.102 et un utilisateur par d\u00e9faut de \u00abroot\u00bb. <\/span><span title=\"Making a connection to your SBC will be down to using a simple terminal\n\n\">Pour faire une connexion \u00e0 votre SBC il suffit d&rsquo;utiliser un simple programme de terminal comme <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.putty.org\/\">PuTTY<\/a><span lang=\"fr\"> <span title=\"program such as PuTTY when running under Microsoft Windows, or Apple\u2019s Terminal, which is already included within OS X.\">lors de l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution sous Microsoft Windows ou leTerminal Apple, qui est d\u00e9j\u00e0 inclus dans OS X.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/01-picture-library\/eenews\/2018\/2018-07-26-jh-conrad3.jpg\" width=\"550\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption>Figure 3 \u2013 Connecting to the BeagleBone Black over SSH from an Apple MacBook Pro<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Within Terminal you can use the SSH (Secure Shell) command to securely connect remotely to another computer.\">Dans Terminal, vous pouvez utiliser la commande SSH (Secure Shell) pour vous connecter en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 distance \u00e0 un autre ordinateur. <\/span><span title=\"Once connected you will be able to run any command as if you were directly at that computer.\">Une fois connect\u00e9, vous pourrez ex\u00e9cuter n&rsquo;importe quelle commande comme si vous \u00e9tiez directement sur cet ordinateur. <\/span><span title=\"The most common format for the SSH command is ssh user@host&lt;ret&gt;, as shown in Figure 4. In this example SSH flags the fact that this host has not been communicated with previously.\">Le format le plus courant pour la commande SSH est ssh user @ host &lt;ret&gt;, comme le montre la figure 4. Dans cet exemple, SSH signale que cet h\u00f4te n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment communiqu\u00e9. <\/span><span title=\"On accepting the communication, this new connection is stored in the Mac\u2019s known hosts file.\n\n\n\">En acceptant la communication, cette nouvelle connexion est stock\u00e9e dans le fichier hosts connu du Mac.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Readers are encouraged to try out some of the basic commands at the Linux command line.\">Les lecteurs sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 essayer certaines des commandes de base sur la ligne de commande Linux. <\/span><span title=\"ls&lt;ret&gt; lists out files in the current directory, the ls \u2013l&lt;ret&gt; creates a tabulated list of files while the ls -\n\n\">Is&lt;ret&gt; liste les fichiers du r\u00e9pertoire en cours, ls -l&lt;ret&gt; cr\u00e9e une liste de fichiers tabul\u00e9e tandis que le fichier ls &#8211;<\/span><span title=\"-help gives a detailed instruction on all command options \u2013 see Figure 4.\">-help donne une instruction d\u00e9taill\u00e9e sur toutes les options de commande &#8211; voir Figure 4.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"594\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/01-picture-library\/eenews\/2018\/2018-07-26-jh-conrad4.jpg\" width=\"550\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 550px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 550\/594;\" \/><figcaption>Figure 4 \u2013 Using the Linux ls command<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><strong><span>Les autres commandes fr\u00e9quentes incluent:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>df &lt;ret&gt; pour fournir des informations sur le syst\u00e8me de fichiers et une liste des p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques mont\u00e9s<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>rm filename &lt;ret&gt; pour supprimer un fichier<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>mkdir majordomo &lt;ret&gt; pour cr\u00e9er un nouveau r\u00e9pertoire<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>cd majordomo &lt;ret&gt; pour changer de r\u00e9pertoire<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>rmdir majordomo &lt;ret&gt; pour supprimer un r\u00e9pertoire<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>cp setup.py setup.old &lt;ret&gt; pour copier le fichier setup.py dans le fichier setup.old<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>mv clock.py project \/ clock.py &lt;ret&gt; pour d\u00e9placer le fichier clock.py dans le dossier \u00ab\u00a0project\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span>Vous pouvez \u00e9galement \u00abdiriger\u00bb la sortie d&rsquo;une commande en tant qu&rsquo;entr\u00e9e d&rsquo;une autre commande.<\/span> <span>Par exemple la commande ls -R |<\/span> <span>grep .py |<\/span> <span>cat &lt;ret&gt; recherche r\u00e9cursivement \u00e0 partir du r\u00e9pertoire actuel tous les fichiers portant le caract\u00e8re \u00abpy\u00bb dans le nom du fichier, puis le transmet \u00e0 cat, qui affiche la sortie dans des pages lisibles \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cran.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"float:right\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"323\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/01-picture-library\/eenews\/2018\/2018-07-26-jh-conrad5.jpg\" width=\"550\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 550px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 550\/323;\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"When it comes to creating and editing source code or configuration files Linux has a number of editor options for use at the command line.\">En ce qui concerne la cr\u00e9ation et l&rsquo;\u00e9dition de code source ou de fichiers de configuration, Linux dispose de plusieurs options d&rsquo;\u00e9diteur \u00e0 utiliser sur la ligne de commande. <\/span><span title=\"These include vim and nano.\">Ceux-ci incluent vim et nano. <\/span><span title=\"Both are popular, with personal preferences dictating the one you end up using on a regular basis.\">Les deux sont populaires, avec des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences personnelles dictant celle que vous utilisez r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement. <\/span><span title=\"Most users will find nano extremely quick to master while vim takes a lot more practice.\">La plupart des utilisateurs trouveront nano extr\u00eamement rapide \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser tandis que vim demande beaucoup plus de pratique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Controlling an SBC\u2019s GPIO from the Linux command line is very straightforward;\">Contr\u00f4ler le GPIO d&rsquo;un SBC \u00e0 partir de la ligne de commande Linux est tr\u00e8s simple. <\/span><span title=\"since everything within Linux is viewed as a file, GPIO pins are also viewed in much the same way.\">Comme tout \u00e9l\u00e9ment dans Linux est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un fichier, les broches GPIO sont \u00e9galement vues de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re. <\/span><span title=\"Each pin will typically be accessible from the \/sys\/class\/gpio directory.\">Chaque pin sera g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement accessible depuis le r\u00e9pertoire \/ sys \/ class \/ gpio. <\/span><span title=\"You set the direction of the pin through sending an 'out' or 'in' command by using, for example for gpio44, echo out &gt; direction&lt;ret&gt;, and you can then set a pin either high or low with the following commands:\">Vous d\u00e9finissez la direction de la broche en envoyant une commande &lsquo;out&rsquo; ou &lsquo;in&rsquo; en utilisant, par exemple pour gpio44, echo out&gt; direction &lt;ret&gt;, et vous pouvez ensuite d\u00e9finir une broche haute ou basse avec les commandes suivantes: <\/span><span title=\"echo 1 &gt; value&lt;ret&gt; or echo 0 &gt; value&lt;ret&gt;.\n\n\">echo 1&gt; valeur &lt;ret&gt; ou echo 0&gt; valeur &lt;ret&gt;.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"In this article we have introduced the Linux operating system and highlighted just a few commands to get you started.\">Dans cet article, nous avons pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 le syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation Linux et mis en \u00e9vidence quelques commandes pour vous permettre de d\u00e9marrer. <\/span><span title=\"There are many, many more, some of which, such as ic2detect, are specifically for debugging I2C communications between, for example, an accelerometer sensor and the SBC.\n\n\">Il y en a beaucoup, beaucoup d&rsquo;autres, dont certaines, tels que ic2detect, sont sp\u00e9cifiquement destin\u00e9es au d\u00e9bogage des communications I2C entre, par exemple entre un capteur acc\u00e9l\u00e9rom\u00e8tre et le SBC.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Linux provides an extremely resilient, scalable and powerful operating system for use with your embedded SBC.\">Linux fournit un syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation extr\u00eamement r\u00e9silient, \u00e9volutif et puissant \u00e0 utiliser avec votre SBC embarqu\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>About the author:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Manuel Gschwend dirige le \u00ab\u00a0Groupe Produits\u00a0\u00bb chez Conrad Business Supplies &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.conrad.com\">www.conrad.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>La r\u00e9daction vous conseille:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.electronique-eci.com\/news\/computer-module-smarc-20-avec-processeur-nxp-imx8\">Computer-on-Module SMARC 2.0 avec processeur NXP i.MX8<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.electronique-eci.com\/news\/congatec-sassocie-osadl-pour-optimiser-la-prise-en-charge-de-sa-carte-linux\">congatec s\u2019associe \u00e0 OSADL pour optimiser la prise en charge de sa carte Linux<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les ordinateurs \u00e0 carte unique (SBC) ont raviv\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour l\u2019\u00e9lectronique dans tous les groupes d\u2019\u00e2ge, jeunes et vieux. Les SBC eux-m\u00eames existent depuis tr\u00e8s longtemps et se retrouvent dans de nombreux syst\u00e8mes d\u2019automatisation industrielle, mais c\u2019est l\u2019av\u00e8nement de cartes telles que l\u2019Arduino et le Raspberry Pi qui ont vraiment \u00e9tabli la tendance des \u00ab\u00a0makers\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00e9lectroniciens amateurs. Aujourd&rsquo;hui, il existe de nombreux SBC disponibles sur le march\u00e9, et beaucoup d&rsquo;entre eux ont un point commun: ils utilisent tous le syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation Linux.<br \/>\nSingle board computers (SBCs) have been credited with rekindling an interest in electronics across all age groups, young and old. SBCs themselves have been around for a very long time and can be found in many industrial automation systems, but it was the advent of boards such as the Arduino and Raspberry Pi that really established the maker trend. Today there are many different SBCs available on the market, and many of them have one thing in common: they all use the Linux operating system.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":112659,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[883],"tags":[894,895],"domains":[47],"ppma_author":[1149],"class_list":["post-112658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologies","tag-boards-embedded-cards-fr","tag-developmentkits-fr","domains-electronique-eci"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>D\u00e9marrer avec Embedded Linux ...<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les ordinateurs \u00e0 carte unique (SBC) ont raviv\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour l\u2019\u00e9lectronique dans tous les groupes d\u2019\u00e2ge, jeunes et vieux. Les SBC eux-m\u00eames...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112658\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9marrer avec Embedded Linux\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les ordinateurs \u00e0 carte unique (SBC) ont raviv\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour l\u2019\u00e9lectronique dans tous les groupes d\u2019\u00e2ge, jeunes et vieux. Les SBC eux-m\u00eames existent depuis tr\u00e8s longtemps et se retrouvent dans de nombreux syst\u00e8mes d\u2019automatisation industrielle, mais c\u2019est l\u2019av\u00e8nement de cartes telles que l\u2019Arduino et le Raspberry Pi qui ont vraiment \u00e9tabli la tendance des &quot;makers&quot; ou \u00e9lectroniciens amateurs. Aujourd&#039;hui, il existe de nombreux SBC disponibles sur le march\u00e9, et beaucoup d&#039;entre eux ont un point commun: ils utilisent tous le syst\u00e8me d&#039;exploitation Linux. Single board computers (SBCs) have been credited with rekindling an interest in electronics across all age groups, young and old. SBCs themselves have been around for a very long time and can be found in many industrial automation systems, but it was the advent of boards such as the Arduino and Raspberry Pi that really established the maker trend. Today there are many different SBCs available on the market, and many of them have one thing in common: they all use the Linux operating system.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112658\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EENewsEurope\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-08-12T16:19:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/import\/default\/files\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2018-07-26-jh-conrad1a.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"586\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"498\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"eeNews Europe\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"eeNews Europe\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/demarrer-avec-embedded-linux\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/demarrer-avec-embedded-linux\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"eeNews Europe\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9eff4051fa9dac8230052de45e32b0f4\"},\"headline\":\"D\u00e9marrer avec Embedded Linux\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-08-12T16:19:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-08-12T16:19:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/demarrer-avec-embedded-linux\/\"},\"wordCount\":1599,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Boards &amp; Embedded Cards\",\"DevelopmentKits\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Technologies\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/demarrer-avec-embedded-linux\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/demarrer-avec-embedded-linux\/\",\"name\":\"D\u00e9marrer avec Embedded Linux -\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-08-12T16:19:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-08-12T16:19:22+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/demarrer-avec-embedded-linux\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/demarrer-avec-embedded-linux\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/demarrer-avec-embedded-linux\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"D\u00e9marrer avec Embedded Linux\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/\",\"name\":\"EENewsEurope\",\"description\":\"Just another WordPress site\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"EENewsEurope\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/logo-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.ecinews.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/logo-1.jpg\",\"width\":283,\"height\":113,\"caption\":\"EENewsEurope\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9eff4051fa9dac8230052de45e32b0f4\",\"name\":\"eeNews Europe\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.eenewseurope.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/fae8f0cb15861c4ae0ed4872e2c9fc22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5081509054e28b04ecd976976e723ce0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5081509054e28b04ecd976976e723ce0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"eeNews Europe\"}}]}<\/script>","yoast_head_json":{"title":"D\u00e9marrer avec Embedded Linux ...","description":"Les ordinateurs \u00e0 carte unique (SBC) ont raviv\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour l\u2019\u00e9lectronique dans tous les groupes d\u2019\u00e2ge, jeunes et vieux. 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